Dual Screen Printing Featuring Novel Framed Busbar Screen Layout and Non-Contacting Ag Busbar Paste

Towards Non-permanent Contacting Schemes for Busbar-free Solar Cells

The multi-busbar solar cell concept using a multitude of wires instead of few busbars is a promising candidate for large scale industrial application for several reasons: it can be combined with the probably upcoming dielectrically passivated back side (PERC) and bifacial concepts, uses less silver and allows for smaller fill factor losses when embedded in a module. However, the electrical char...

Contacting BBr3-based boron emitters with aluminium-free screen- printing paste

For n-type solar cell concepts, B emitters are commonly diffused in a BBr3-based process. However, the metallization of these p layers is challenging. Up to now, low contact resistances on B emitters were only reported to be possible using Al-containing Ag screen-printing pastes. A drawback of the addition of Al to the paste is that, facilitated by the Al, deep metal spikes grow into the Si sur...

The multi-busbar design: an overview

The demand for highly efficient photovoltaic modules at low costs leads to new solar cell designs. For enhanced module efficiency the cell efficiency has to be optimized regarding later operation under module conditions. This implies that the interconnected solar cell structure has to be assessed. Commonly the solar cell itself is optimized separately. In this work an easy to implement cell des...

Modern Cost-efficient Digital Busbar Protection Solutions

Highly Efficient Multi-busbar Solar Cells with Ag Nano-particle Front Side Metallization

The main target for a commercially successful solar cell production is to decrease the cost/Watt-peak ratio. In the last years new techniques like fine line screen printing or plating of the front electrode entered the market. These new techniques enable a reduction of Ag or Ag containing paste of the front grid or even a substitution of this metal. Cu is a suited candidate because of its high ...